Porter’s 5 Forces Essay

Webjet is Australia and New Zealand’s largest online travel agency. Leading the way in online travel tools and technologies, Webjet enables customers to easily search and book the best domestic and international travel flight deals, travel insurance, car hire and hotel accommodation worldwide. Webjet sites are simple to navigate, engaging and informative, giving customers confidence when managing their own travel arrangements. Webjet offers a 24/7 customer support service to cater to our customers’ needs. On 21 August 2013, Webjet announced a profit of $11. 4 million and NBAT of $6. 5 million. During the year the company experienced a growth in total transaction values of $110 million from $768 million to $884 million. About service Webjet. com has created our site around the belief that saving time and money is the key to opening up a world of travel opportunities. Operating as a completely independent flight booking engine, Webjet. com shows the absolute economical fares available, displaying the lowest total travel price. With the use of leading proprietary search technology, Webjet. com sifts through millions of published airfares from over 150 different airlines and 69,000 hotels to choose from. In addition to discounted fares offered through our consolidator network we provide the most affordable travel options available. We are fully committed to providing better access to savings on both international and domestic airfare as well as top deals for hotels, travel packages, cruise, car rentals and more! Unlike most of our competitors, we display the TOTAL price, including taxes and fees, up front to allow customers to compare prices and know what to expect at point of purchase. â€Å"We help U. S. world travelers navigate through the jungle of international airfares to find the best deals,† says Mathias Friess, Webjet. com’s CEO. With that said who wouldn’t want to easily find flights that will save them money? Also, not only does Webjet. com promise convenient and affordable flights but we also promise privacy. Booking online, no matter what site used, requires users to provide personal information. Webjet. com promises to not only protect this information but also to only share it after receiving the travelers’ consent. So why choose Webjet. com? Because our team works to provide affordable fares and put customers’ needs first. Marketing and IT team We’re more than such social media junkies and computer geeks. Our marketing team works to make a connection with our customers and let them know about the exciting updates with our site. We figure out what you want and need so that we can get it to you. From making you smile with our #TravelProblems tumble to providing travel tips with our blog and updating you on deals with our newsletters we enjoy reaching out to each customer. We’re constantly using our creativity to give travelers what they’d want from sweepstakes to our hangout videos that provide tips for traveling abroad. Feel free to connect with us on our Facebook, Twitter and Google+. History Established in 1998, Webjet was founded by former Jetset Travel Chief Executive David Clarke. Management WEB’s senior management has a mix of backgrounds, with a core group of directors and managers having been with the company for several years. In the early 2000’s this group pursued the development of an integrated booking platform to streamline its website activities Since then they have expanded Webjets services into complimentary fields that can be managed via their existing website. Webjet’s ROE over the last several years attests to the success of these decisions and management’s ability to provide good returns on investor capital. Internal ownership is substantial, with over 12% of outstanding shares owned by the directors and senior managers alone. Bonuses are typically 20% or less of total remuneration across the management group. Risks †¢Stiff competition in online accommodation service with the likes of Wotif (WTF) and lastminute. com †¢Competition from existing brand-name competitors like Flight Centre (FLT), who are also developing their online accommodation presence †¢Reliance on indebted Australian and new Zealand consumers for the vast majority of revenue †¢Sensitivity to the AUD, as a lower dollar will discourage Australian’s from holidaying overseas Opportunities †¢One of the few companies in Australia that is currently benefitting from the high AUD, as Aussies head overseas for their holidays to take advantage of increased purchasing power †¢The web-based business model is unencumbered by physical store fronts like its rival Flight Centre, making Webjet suited to the on-line shift for flight and accommodation bookings †¢Good brand name recognition within Australia †¢An easily-scalable business for overseas operations Webjet is a great business with good brand name recognition in Australia and a business model suited for the online future. Their financials look great, with a stable ROE of approximately 20-25% and a robust balance sheet that has no debt. Management have successfully grown the Webjet business by increasing the services it offers and maintaining a low cost structure. Unfortunately Webjet has no durable competitive advantage and is sensitive to movements in the AUD. Further, the online world has low barriers to entry and consumers can be fickle. In addition, Webjet must also compete with established travel groups like Flight Centre and dedicated booking agents like Wotif. As such, Empire Investing considers Webjet a Good Company with no competitive advantage – one we’d like to own, but only at a big discount to compensate.

Fool Chapter 25

TWENTY-FIVE THE KING SHALL BE A FOOL Alas, your humble fool is the King of France. Actually, France, Britain, Normandy, Belgium, Brittany, and Spain. Perhaps more, I haven't seen Cordelia since breakfast. She can be a terror when left to her own devices, but she keeps the empire in working order and I adore her, of course. (As has always been the case.) Good Kent had his lands and title restored, and was also given the title Duke of Cornwall, and the attendant lands and properties. He's retained the black beard and glamour given him by the witches, and seems to have convinced himself that he is younger and more vibrant than the multitude of years he carries on his back. Albany retained his title and lands and signed an oath of fealty to Cordelia and me, and I trust he will be true to it. He's a decent, if dull chap, and without Goneril in his ear, his will be the way of virtue. We've given Curan the title of Duke of Buckingham, and he acts as regent of Britain when we are not on the islands. Edgar took his title as Earl of Gloucester and returned to his home where he buried his father in the walls of the castle temple built to his many gods. He's started his own family and will no doubt have many sons who will grow up to betray him or simply be dolts in the image of their father. Cordelia and I live in a number of palaces around the empire, traveling with an embarrassingly large entourage that includes Bubble and Squeak, as well as Shanker Mary and other loyal staff from the White Tower. I have a crashingly large throne, on which I hold court with Drool on one side (who has been given the title of Royal Minister of Wank), and my monkey, Jeff, on the other. We hear cases of the local farmers and merchants, and I pronounce judgments, damages, and sentences. For a while I allowed monkey Jeff to pronounce sentences while I was off having lunch with the queen, giving him a little plaque with various penalties to which he could point, but that had to stop when I returned one afternoon from a protracted Cordelia bonking to find that the cheeky little bloke had hanged the entire village of Beauvois for cheese violations. (Awkward, that, but the French understand. They are very serious about their cheese.) Most of the time justice can be satisfied with a bit of verbal humiliation, name-calling, and pointed sarcasm, at which, it turns out, I excel, so I am viewed as a fair and just king and much beloved by my people, even the fucking French. We are at our palace in Gascony now, near northern Spain. Lovely, but very dry. I was just saying to froggy Queen Jeff today (he and Queen Burgundy are visiting), â€Å"It's lovely, Jeff, but bloody dry. I'm English, I require dampness. I feel as if I'm drying out and becoming all crackly as we speak.† â€Å"It's true,† Cordelia said. â€Å"He's always gravitated toward the moist.† â€Å"Yes, well, darling, we shan't speak of that in front of Jeff, shall we? Oh, look! Drool has sprouted an erection. Let's ask him what he's thinking about. Had his way with a knotted oak on the way here. A right spectacular tree-shagging it was, too. Knocked down enough acorns to feed the village for a week. They wanted to have a special feast day in honor of the git – declare him god of the tree-shag – more fertility symbols there than you can shake a stick at, innit?† â€Å"C'est la vie,†[47] said Jeff, in perfectly incomprehensible fucking French. Later, as I was holding audiences with the public, there entered the great hall three ancient, bent figures. The witches of Great Birnam Wood. I suppose I'd always known they'd show up at some time or another. Drool ran and hid in the kitchen. Jeff jumped on my shoulder and screeched at them. (Jeff the monkey, not the queen.) â€Å"A year has passed for witches three, And we are here to collect our fee,† said Rosemary, the green, cattoed witch. â€Å"Oh, for fuck's sake, you're on with the rhyming again?† â€Å"A need was filled, a promise made, For service done we must be paid,† the witches chanted in unison. â€Å"Just stop the rhyming,† said I. â€Å"And those rags are entirely too heavy for this climate. You'll get a rash on your warts and carbuncles if you're not careful.† â€Å"You've been made a king and enchanted your true love to be yours forevermore, fool. We only want what is our due,† said Sage, the most warty of the three. â€Å"Rightly so, rightly so,† said I. â€Å"But Cordelia is not enchanted to love me. She is with me of her own free will.† â€Å"Balderdash,† said Parsley, the tall witch. â€Å"We gave you three puffballs for three sisters.† â€Å"Aye, but I used the third to enchant Edgar of Gloucester, so he would fall in love with a laundress at his castle named Emma. Lovely lass with smashing knockers. She'd been mistreated by the bastard brother – only seemed just.† â€Å"Still, the spell was used. We will have our payment,† said Rosemary. â€Å"Of course. I have more treasure than you crones could carry. Gold? Silver? Jewels? But Cordelia doesn't know of all of your manipulations, nor that the ghost was her mother, and she mustn't ever. If you agree, name your reward, I've important kingly things to accomplish and my monkey is hungry. Name your price, crones.† â€Å"Spain,† said the witches. â€Å"Fuckstockings,† said the puppet Jones.

A look at activities that are beneficial in coping with cerebral palsy

A look at activities that are beneficial in coping with cerebral palsy Abstract Many individuals are born or struggle with some birth abnormalities. In this paper, cerebral palsy will be discussed. Cerebral palsy is a condition that damages the brain, classifying CP as an intellectual disability. This paper will discuss how CP affects a persons cognition and in that, affecting the way they communicate. An activity on communication management will be described using Cole’s 7 steps to breakdown how teens with CP will benefit from the activity. Occupational therapist play key roles in these types of interventions because they help individuals express and communicate emotions effectively and properly. Also, Allen’s Cognitive Disabilities frame of reference will be discussed providing reasoning supporting the activity chosen. Introduction: Group of 6 patients will walk into the room and sit down on chairs arranged in a circle. I will briefly introduce myself and say my name and my current mood. Then I will have the patients introduce themselves by stating their name and saying how they are currently feeling using a facial expression or gesture. Afterwards, I will conduct a small icebreaker that will allow patients to feel more comfortable about formulating conversation with others. I will have patients turn to the group member sitting next to them and start building a Jenga puzzle. Each Jenga wood block will contain a question both group members will have to answer about themselves. Each member will answer 3 questions and build the blocks. I will be walking around listening in and assisting the group members in answering the questions properly. After the time is up, I will introduce the next part of the activity, which is the Bingo Communication Card titles â€Å"Clever Communication Bingo†. I will then tell the patients to remain seated next to that group member because that will be their partner for the activity. Then I will give one Bingo Communication card to each group member and have him or her turn their chairs to face each other. Activity: I will begin by explaining the activity to the groups. So I will say, â€Å"okay everyone all eyes on me, this activity is a just like a game of bingo, for those of you that might not know what bingo is, bingo is a game where a coordinator calls out numbers randomly and the players mark off 5 numbers in a straight, horizontal or diagonal line, whoever is the first to match up the 5 numbers in a line wins! Now this time it’s a bit different, it’s the same idea but now under each number there will be a different form of communication, so some forms of communication you’ll find on the bingo card will be â€Å"tell your partner you appreciate them using 3 words† or â€Å" create a 5step hand shake† or â€Å" introduce yourself to peers using 2 sentences†. After I finish explaining how the game works, I will tell the patients that this isn’t a competition, everyone will be matching 5 numbers in a line, and that at the end each gr oup will receive a bingo completion award for effective communication skills. After that, I will begin to call out numbers and the patients will listen and check off with a marker the number called. Every time they check off a number they will have to communicate or express what is under the number checked off. I will give the patients time to perform what is under is each number and assist them if they get stuck in a thought or don’t know how to communicate something. After three numbers called I will congratulate each group for effectively communicating with each other despite constant assistance and let them know the activity is about to be over. Once every team completes a set of 5, they will receive the completion award. Sharing: After completing this activity the group members will sit back in a circle and share some thoughts about the activity. I will ask them to hold up their bingo card and point out which communication form was most difficult. Processing: I will ask the group 3 questions about the activity. I will ask each member how he or she felt about this activity and to give me an overall feeling about it so I’d ask, â€Å" how did you feel about this communication activity?† â€Å"Do you think this was a good way of trying out different ways of communication?† â€Å"Do you think this can help you in the outside world?†. After getting their feedback I will be able to see if the patients improved their communication management skills from the time they started the session till when they finished. Generalizing: After getting an overall feel of how the group felt, I will analyze the responses and seeing what drove the energy of the group. What were the difference and similarities in answers within group members. Open-ended questions will be most appropriate in this stage. Application: In this step I will give some short examples of everyday life scenarios in which these different communication skills will be applied. I will tell the patients how some of the communication techniques will be appropriate to use with different people like family members, friends and teachers. Summary: I will end the session by stating the most important aspects of this activity. I will refocus the patients and make sure they understood and learned some techniques for communication management with others. I will also encourage patients to try and implement the skills learned today in their everyday lives. I will make sure that they leave the session knowing that the skills learned and practiced today will be useful to them for the rest of their lives. Time and Place: Patients will be meeting in a spacious room at Keiser University with several windows that have a sky view. The room will be around 74 degrees making it nice and cool for proper concentration. I will assure that lights aren’t too dimmed nor too bright. All the materials will already be set up for patients ready for when they arrive. There will be tables’ spread out to assure enough space for activity and chairs made into a circle. And lastly, room won’t be overly decorated, this will help patents stay focused on task and not wonder around with their eyes.

Behavior Modification related to Old Habit Change and New Habit Research Paper

Behavior Modification related to Old Habit Change and New Habit formation as related to Martial Arts - Research Paper Example Boxing, Kray maga, kungfu, kick boxing, tae Kwon Do and Karate are the examples of this style. (Rousseau) 4 b.Grappling or Ground Fighting Styles; This technique involves the act of hand to hand physical involvement with the combat in which the participant try to gain advantage with clinching, holding, locking, and leverage. (Centre) This technique is used in the martial art styles of Brazilian Jiu Jitsu,Russian Sambo, Shoot fighting and Wrestling. 4 c.Throwing or Takedown Styles; in this technique of martial art the participants begin the fight in the standing position. Hence, once the fight begins the throwing and takedown styles amidst the fight determining the victor. The art includes the styles of Aikido, Judo, Hapkido and Shuai Jiao. 4 d.Weapons Based Styles; this style has primary focus on weapons. It includes the arts of Iaido, Kali and Kendo. 4 e.Low Impact or Meditative Styles; This style encompasses the breathing techniques, fitness, and the spiritual side of things. It in cludes Baguazhang, Tai Chi and Chi Gong based styles. 4 f.MMA- A Hybrid Sports Style; In each style of martial art there are adaptations from other styles of the art. This styles includes an essence of various style and is propagated as a sport style of martial arts that allows for grappling, stand up fighting, takedowns/ throws, and submissions. ... Hence, the same perception with advancement is adhered in modern times that are martial art in recent times is practiced for the sake of self defense, physical fitness, sport and law enforcement preparations etc. (Jason M. Winkle) 5 4.Benefits of Martial art in Human development: thus, it can be stated that physical grooming is a mere part of the benefits of Martial Art. Other than the fitness benefits, muscular strength, flexibility and capacity development in an individual the art also retain certain features that adds to the element of spirituality in an individual. A boost to psycho social variables eliminating the negative factors is the impact of this art on human psychology and mental health, endorsed by Weiser, Kutz, Kutz, and Weiser (1995). (Jason M. Winkle) 5 5.Spirituality in Martial arts; 6 6.Dimensions of the Power of Martial Arts; 6 The dimensions of the power of martial arts vary from spiritual evolution to physical vigor. The selection of the domain of power is the ch oice of an individual. Hitherto, the features to be adopted in each of the domain are discipline, desire, openness and focus. Although the origin n of the art is all marked by spiritual entities, yet the path to be chosen is primarily the choice of the learner. The word â€Å"Do† (as in Judo, Aikido, and Tae Kwon Do) means â€Å"way† or the path you choose to walk. In other words, logically a human entity comprises of spirit, mind and body. The three components are intimately related as the spirit controls mind which controls the body. Hence, the action of an individual is the consent of the three elements altogether. Therefore, martial art has the potential to groom all the three factors but it is the choice of the learner to select a prime area of focus for practicing the

The way play-based approaches to teaching and learning impact in the Research Proposal

The way play-based approaches to teaching and learning impact in the quality education - Research Proposal Example trategies are areas presented in the National Curriculum's framework as highly structured, which in turn allows them very little space for creativity. Therefore, young children in year one are asked to sit down, listen, and follow directions most of the time. Unfortunately, in this way they are being offered little encouragement and suppport to develop their learning dispositions (Broadhead, 2003). This appears to be the key to the problem. Judging by the circumstances, it seems very difficult for early years practitioners in the UK, particularly those working in reception and year one classes, to create a positive environment to facilitate children's learning through play, as the majority of theorists state. Anyway, it is well known that begining primary school entails a transition into a more formal curriculum. Therefore, we believe that finding a balance between play-based activities and more specific tasks would be a good way of considering children's needs and interests. Hopefully, this less structured and moer informal way of proceding, will facilitate teachers' job when they have to plan what they aim children to learn in relation to the National Curriculum requirements (Palmer and Pettitt, 1993). Aims Research in the early years education is considered essential and can generate data that can be applicable for further research, policy modification, as well as for the improvement of practice (Pascal, 1993) . The aim of the present study is to discover UK's primary teachers in year one understandings of play, and how this impacts on their practice, as they have to contemplate the National Curriculum's statuory demands. Answers to the following questions were sought: 1) To explore the understandings of play currently held byUK's primary teachers in... The study will consist in a small-scale survey to investigate year one teachers understandings of play and believes about the primary National Curriculum, and how these impact on practice. In addition, will investigate if year one children consider they get to play in the classroom. Robson explains that small-scale surveys are one of the traditional qualitative research strategies, as they are suitable for studies that seek to describe and analyse some aspect or situation. He also states that a disadvantage in the use of questionnaires and/or interviews is that respondents will not necessarily report their understandings and believes, for a number of reasons. Therefore, a type of external validity is necessary if the purpose of the study is to seek if their is a line between what people say and do. In this way, as the behaviour of teachers’ is an essential aspect in the study as well, observation techniques will be also included to learn about teachers practice in the classroo m, and then to describe, analyse and interpret what was observed.

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 21

Assignment - Essay Example Thus, it would help to allow dripping of the faucet to dissolve the ice and prevent the growing volume of ice to bring about any further pressure against pipe walls. At night, the cooling of air happens at a speed greater than the cooling of water. Then from the surface of the lake, warm water vaporizes and blends with the colder air above it and due to the resulting temperature difference, warm water cools off becoming moisture in the form of droplets that suspend in the air. This suspension is actually the ‘steam fog’ which people often view as mist just on top of the lake’s surface. 3. A man who is 6 ft tall is standing in front of a plane mirror that is 2 ft in height. If the mirror is placed with its bottom edge 4 ft above the floor on a wall that is 5 ft away, how much of his image (i.e. what length of himself) can the man see? (Assume that his eyes are at the top of his head).  If the man moves to a point 10 ft directly away from the wall, with the mirror staying in place, how much of himself can he now see? You must show all of your work, including sketches, to get full credit. Where I and O both refer to the heights of the image and the man, respectively, while ‘di’ and ‘d0’ are the distances of each from the mirror. Using ruler to scale, the reflection the is 2.4 feet away from the mirror, so In this scenario, index of refraction of water is 1.33 @ room temperature whereas a typical crown grass has index of refraction = 1.52, so when Snell’s law n1*sinÃŽ ¸1 = n2*sinÃŽ ¸2 is applied, the angle of refraction (ÃŽ ¸2) would be greater than the angle of incidence

VARK Learning Styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

VARK Learning Styles - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  in reference to the VARK scores of the group, it is clear that my ideal and favorite learning techniques include visual and kinesthetic. In the visual assessment, I scored 25% as compared to the group/class score of9%.my kinetic score was 25% as compared to the class score of 21%. The group on the other hand did well on audio and reading techniques. The group/class score in audio assessment was 46% as compared to my 31% score. In audio assessment, the groups cored 24% while I scored 19%. These score differences can be explained through Fleming’s findings.  According to the report  individuals who perform well in the visual assessment are known to prefer assessments or evaluations that include diagram, grids, tables, and pamphlets. Individuals who perform well in Kinesthetic have been observed to prefer assessments that include illustrations, models, laboratory tests, academic expeditions, like to experiment on new things, prefer inc orporation of their own logic and intelligence in learning.  Fleming’s findings showed that individuals who perform when presented with debates, arguments, tutorials, harangues, and dialogues.  These are characteristic of group techniques of erudition. Those individuals who perform well in reading and writing assessments fancy using references in-print, thesis, and instruction booklets, and prefer doing research through the internet.  ... In the visual assessment, I scored 25% as compared to the group/class score of9%.my kinetic score was 25% as compared to the class score of 21%. The group on the other hand did well on audio and reading techniques. The group/class score in audio assessment was 46% as compared to my 31% score. In audio assessment, the groups cored 24% while I scored 19%. These score differences can be explained through Fleming’s findings. Individuals who perform well in the visual assessment are known to prefer assessments or evaluations that include diagram, grids, tables, and pamphlets. Individuals who perform well in Kinesthetic have been observed to prefer assessments that include illustrations, models, laboratory tests, academic expeditions, like to experiment on new things, prefer incorporation of their own logic and intelligence in learning. This explains why I did well in visual and kinesthetic. Results from Fleming’s study showed that individuals who perform when presented with debates, arguments, tutorials, harangues, and dialogues (Fleming and Bauma, 2006). These are characteristic of group techniques of erudition. Those individuals who perform well in reading and writing assessments fancy using references in-print, thesis, and instruction booklets, and prefer doing research through the internet. These techniques are easily and effectively accomplished as a group and that’s why the group performed well. Advantages and disadvantages of the different learning styles The main advantage of visual erudition is the fact that an individual is able to follow and grasp issues promptly. The disadvantage of this technique of learning is that some features and aspects of a certain topic

The Western Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Western Experience - Essay Example Indeed we were going to the new world that we did not know anything about although we felt that there must be wonderful things that we needed. Reaching the new land which was strategically located in the Pacific Northwest part of the country prompted us to take a journey which is popularly known as the Oregon Trail. The hardship we experienced with our children was one of its kinds. I influenced my family because I wanted to start of life in the west. In the beginning, the desire to explore new world overwhelmed me and I could not think about any other thing (Peavy & Smith, 1998). Before the adventure life was very interesting and relaxing especially to women who did not have much to do in their homes. Women did not expect their men to explore the tales of gold and prosperous green land in the west because their husbands were already established businessmen or working on their lands. I initially believed that life was satisfying because I did not lack anything I wanted (Woodworth-Ney , 2008). However, one time I just changed my mind and decided to explore the great things that existed in the west. There was severe depression in the Midwest as well as propaganda from fellow traders and other government officials regarding the fertility and the value of land in the west. I fully packed my wagon with foodstuff such as beans, coffee, dried meat, flour as well as clothing and furniture. Interestingly, I had to drop some of my heavy household items such as furniture because they were too heavy to be carried while crossing rivers (Peavy & Smith, 1998). Although we ran through fairly even country of the Great Plains, there was a good number of obstacles on the way such as the perils of crossing rivers as well as the candid risk of the Indian attackers. We drew our wagons into a circle at night to create a rough-and-ready barrier for fear of the India attacker. Few people died from accidental discharge of firearms or be drowned while we were crossing rivers. In addition, there were other more mundane causes such as diseases, some people would fall off horses and the difficulties of walking along rocky terrain that was full of steep ascents and descents as well as injuries got from overturning and runaway wagons (Woodworth-Ney, 2008). I travelled almost 2000 miles along with other pioneers whom we were forced to travel through five states after the journey began in Missouri. The journey was full of people with different ages and sex. Most of the women we travelled with complained that their husbands forced them to take the journey in search for new places despite the fact that they were already established in their homes (Woodworth-Ney, 2008). Travelling in group was amazing since we could make stories and also for our safety. Some of our properties were being robbed at gunpoint by highway people along the trail. It was really heartbreaking to see women bearing children and losing them on the way due to unbearable conditions thus forcing them to liv e the bodies behind (Morito, 2012). Jefferson wanted to boost the economy by using resources which would arise due to exploration of new fertile land. I currently stay in Williamette Valley. There were several significant technological, infrastructural and economic growths that resulted as the Oregon Trail. Domestic farming was introduced into the West because of enormous herding and introduction of the domestic animals by us. Surprisingly, I can see some of the modern highways and railroads built alongside the Oregon Trail.

A Look at Japanese Scroll Paintings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Look at Japanese Scroll Paintings - Essay Example The essay "A Look at Japanese Scroll Paintings" analyzes Japanese Scroll Paintings. There are a number of great scroll paintings to note. One of them is Tosa Mitsuoki, who lived between 1617 and 1691. He was the sun of Tosa Mitsunori, also a painter as this family was a long line of Japanese artists, dating back to 1434. In earlier works, there was large use of traditional Japanse style, the yamato-e. It was Tosa Mitsuoki who used a bit of realism in his art, used little gold. He also tended to paint scenes that were not typically painted, scenes not portrayed before he painted them. Comparing past art in the Tosa family to the later ones, you can tell that the styles are different. The older paintings were more crowded, with more fantasy elements. The later ones showed realistic scenes, less gold. They all have the typical Japanese style, with paint covering every inch of scroll in some areas. In a particular painting, there are rich colors, details and in the style, says the source , of a Tosa school. Gold painted as clouds and mist frame most of the scenes. Most of the colors are flat, kind of a contrast to the gold that surrounds it. The many people in the scenes have long flowing robes folding over very heavy set looking people, people of money I presume. And their faces dramatically portrayed in each scene to reveal their emotions up front. Most of the images let you see inside the buildings so you can see what is going on inside and what is going on outside at the same time. For example, one has the Prince Genji in a boat coming up a river, while a daughter in a palace is looking outside. You can see her looking down into the boat. The scroll paintings have a mix of different styles thought the centuries. Each one has some painting, some have Japanese calligraphy, noted that it states which scene the artists were focused on at that time. Some did not have calligraphy, as did the 17th century artists often did not. Not so many had a named artist either. The original tale was painted in a set of about fifty-four chapters. For each chapter, the artists took on about two paintings per chapter. It is said from various sources that there were over a hundred paintings in the original scroll of art for The Tale of Genji. Each painting within the original scrolls was a little over seventeen inches long. The remainder of the collection that has survived until today is displayed at the Gotoh Museum in Tokyo and with other foundations. Looking at several of these earlier scrolls and comparing them to the later scrolls painted by artists, the simplicity of the artists use is sort of a reminder of anime art today. This style is represented in the "simple dashes for eyes and hooks for noses", as described in the style that is hikime-kagihana. While simple in style, it was clear that the artists had a very high knowledge of the style of tsukurie, what they mentioned as manufactured painting. One thing that did remain thorough out the centuries was the ability of looking into the life of those within the buildings. You will see people laying out tatami mats for sleeping or taking care of daily activities or holding court. The Tale of Genji does reveal a story, though it also reveals information about what goes on in the homes and life of the Japanese court. The stories about Prince Genji and the life of the courts and the prince's antics are very richly

Homwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Homwork - Essay Example In this regards, it serves the symbolic function of the importance of prayers. In addition, the above picture demonstrates a facial appearance of a dynamic object. The background images and scenes are small and freely placed in a pictorial pattern. Thus, it qualifies to become a late gothic design (Introduction to Late Gothic art, 2013). I categorize the arts in this category because they are products of individual artists who demonstrate an artistic trend of depth. The highlighted paintings reflect human nature with the right dimensions, terminologies, and clothing. In comparison with the Gothic styles, the exquisite pieces provide three-dimensional quality reflections. In addition, they share similarities of an early renaissance by offering pictures of animal and human anatomy to progress the subject knowledge. Both artifacts demonstrate the knowledge of nature and infuse the ideas in the contemporary society. Thus, they offer realistic facial expressions and dimensions familiar with the early Renaissance (Bourdua & Dunlop, 2007). Book pictures fit the international style because they depict architectural formations. Unlike the Gothic and Renaissance, they reflect the aesthetics instead of the societal trait. In other instances, the book paintings mainly buildings have plane surfaces and lack ornamentation aspects. The above picture is rectilinear and entails modern materials to make it perfect. The image shows the mourning of Christ by followers. It portrays a somber mood five people surrounding and gently holding the dead body. In this, the artist provided a perfect example of early Renaissance using soft textures and pictorial plane. The painting is bright and offers an innovative aspect of three-dimensional appearance. Thereby, it enhances the quality and intended purpose of the symbolism. The artist perfectly infuses naturalism and religious agenda. The picture has a soft background that

Why Are Proteins Important Essay Example for Free

Why Are Proteins Important Essay Proteins can easily be addressed as one of the most important molecules in animal cells. There are many varieties of protein molecules which allow a vast range of biological activities in the cell.( Williams, G.(2000))’Proteins are big compound with large molecular masses’’(Williams, G.(2000)) whose main chemical constituents are hydrogen, carbon ,oxygen and nitrogen. A protein structure consists of a specific sequence of amino acids called the primary structure, this particular sequence determines the secondary structure of the protein which can be ÃŽ ±-helix or ÃŽ ²-pleated sheet. This then further folds to form the tertiary structure . The primary structure determines the eventual shape of the protein and thus its function. ‘’Different proteins can appear very different and perform diverse functions’’ (S-COOL. Biology A-level: Biological Molecules and Enzymes-URL: http://www.s-cool.co.uk/alevel/biology/biological-molecules-and-enzymes/carbohydrates.html (accessed 11/11/2010)). Some of the diverse range of functions provided by proteins are transport , for example haemoglobin, which allows oxygen to be transferred throughout the body. Defence, primarily by immunoglobulin, i.e. antibodies. Structure, such as collagen and elastin that form tissue. For hormones e.g. insulin and glucagon are important for controlling blood sugar. All enzymes are proteins, enzymes control most of the reactions found in living organisms, they also transfer substrate molecules. They have a specific shape due to a specific primary structure. They are therefore specific in the reactions that they catalyse. They have an active site which is a unique shape so any one type of substrate will fit in it. (S-COOL. Biology A-level: Biological Molecules and Enzymes- [online] )

A Strategy To Align Organization And Environment Essay Example for Free

A Strategy To Align Organization And Environment Essay This paper analyzes the term ‘strategic fit’ exactly means, types of strategic fit, necessities to focus on strategic fit, and most importantly how well an organization can align its resources capabilities with the opportunities that exist in the external environment so as to achieve peak performance in the business. Strategy of Nestle as an example to discuss how far it is true that effective strategic fit ensures organization’s resources capabilities and what the environment exactly needs from it. Key Words Strategic, Fit, Strategy, Resource, Capabilities, Opportunities, Environment, Business Introduction It should be recognized that any strategy or management style is appropriate only in a particular set of circumstances. Strategic fit enables an organization to operate in its particular competitive situation at peak effectiveness. It expresses the degree to which an organization is matching its resources and capabilities with the opportunities in the external environment. The matching takes place through strategy and it is therefore vital that the company have the actual resources and capabilities to execute and support the strategy. Meaning of Strategic Fit The contingency theorist’s argument that performance outcomes are maximized when a firm achieves an alignment or â€Å"fit† between a firm’s external environment, its internal factors and its strategy has been well established in the literature (Burns Stalker 1967; Lawrence Lorsch 1967; Keats Hitt, 1988). Nadler and Tushman (1979) theorized that the greater the total degree of congruence or fit between the various components, the more effective will be the organization, leading to higher levels of goal attainment, utilization of resources, and adaptation. Need for Strategic Fit Strategic fit is a quest to align the organization’s operation with the needs of the market. It also involves identification of the opportunities and the action to capitalize on the opportunities. Strategic fit can be used actively to evaluate the current strategic situation of a company as well as opportunities such as MA and divestitures of organizational divisions. Strategic fit is related to the Resource-based view of the firm which suggests that the key to profitability is not only through positioning and industry selection but rather through an internal focus which seeks to utilize the unique characteristics of the company’s portfolio of resources and capabilities. Resources s Capabilities A unique combination of resources and capabilities can eventually be developed into a competitive advantage which the company can profit from. However, it is important to differentiate between resources and capabilities. Resources relate to the inputs to production owned by the company, whereas capabilities describe the accumulation of learning the company possesses. Types of Resources Resources can be classified as tangible resources and intangible resources. Tangible Resources The term tangible means capable of being touched, real or actual, rather than imaginary or visionary, definite; not vague or elusive, having actual physical existence, as real estate or chattels, and therefore capable of being assigned a value in monetary terms. Financial (Cash, securities) †¢ Physical (Location, plant, machinery) are some of the tangible resources Intangible Resources Resources that are not physical in nature are said to be Intangible resources. Corporate intellectual property (items such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, business methodologies), goodwill and brand recognition are all common intangible resources in business point of view. An intangible resource can be classified as either indefinite o r definite depending on the specifics of that resource. A company brand name is considered to be an indefinite resource, as it stays with the company as long as the company continues operations. However, if a company enters a legal agreement to operate under another companys patent, with no plans of extending the agreement, it would have a limited life and would be classified as a definite resource. †¢ Technology (Patents, copyrights) †¢ Human resources †¢ Reputation (Brands) †¢ Culture, are some of the intangible resources. Capabilities Capabilities are what a firm does, and represents the firm’s capacity to deploy resources that have been purposely integrated to achieve the desired end state. Capabilities become important when they are combined in unique combinations which create core competencies which have strategic value and can lead to competitive advantage. Capabilities needed for strategic fit are 1. Coordination 2. Commitment 3. Competence (technology, management and leadership) 4. Communication 5. Creativity 6. Capacity management (allocation of resources) Benefits of Strategic Fit The extent to which the activities of a single organization or of organizations working in partnership complement each other in such a way as to contribute to competitive advantage. The benefits of good strategic fit include cost reduction, due to economies of scale, and the transfer of knowledge and skills (technological expertise, managerial know how), use of common brand name. The success of a merger, joint venture, or strategic alliance may be affected by the degree of strategic fit between the organizations involved. Similarly, the strategic fit of one organization with another is often a factor in decisions about acquisitions, mergers, diversification, or divestment. Types of Strategic Fit 1. Market related fit 2. Operating fit 3. Management fit Market Related Fit Market related fit arises when value chains of different businesses overlap so that the products can be used by same customers, marketed and promoted in similar ways, distributed through common dealers and retailers.

Mercutio In Romeo And Juliet

Mercutio In Romeo And Juliet In the play Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare has created several memorable characters, aside from the witty, humorous, and theatrical character of all time Mercutio. Mercutio is neither Capulet nor Montague, but is portrayed as a very close friend to Romeo. Yet Mercutio and Romeo both very dissimilar views on love and on life in general. This is clearly conveyed through Mercutios witty wordplay and language within the play. Primarily the prologue in Romeo and Juliet plays an important role in giving information on were the play is set and what it is about. Shakespeare begins with the most renowned line in literature two households emphasize the theme family, Montagues and Capulets both alike in dignity yet involves another theme power. The prologue also introduces fatalism to the audience as the word star-cross`d lovers suggests stars determining destiny and the words cross`d lovers foreshadow the death of the lovers. The juxtaposition of antithetical ideas in the prologue creates the effect of anticipation and suspense , Shakespeare uses antithesis such as Death ,love and life to summarise the key themes and to foretell and intensify that a tragedy will take place. Mercutio can represent a number of comparisons and contrasts to other characters by means of his quick wit and optimistic attitude. In Act 1 Scene1 the themes hate and conflict are extremely expressed through the characters Benvolio and Tybalt. The character Tybalt is seen as very vulgar and aggressive since he chooses to emphasise on the words hate and hell, he then goes onto say I hate, all Montagues suggests he is only interested in fighting the Montagues and everything he seems to say is negative and full of frustration and disgust. In addition Benvolio, one of Mercutios close friends is seen as the peace maker, unlike Tybalt he is determined to stop the fighting and keep the peace . While Benvolio is calm, sensible and reliable, Mercutio tends to be sarcastic that follows his emotions, but is still remembered as this distinctive dramatic character. Whats more, Prince Escalus the voice of authority appears onto scene and demands for the fight to stop. Shakespeare uses antithesis in the Princes speech you men, you beasts to show his reaction, furthermore the prince can be seen as a character with such emotion as he begins to use violent imagery and says quench the fire of your evil hate and throw your Mistemper`d weapons suggests he is a mediator, like Benvolio and would like to see the feuds in Verona to stop. The juxtaposition of antithetical ideas in the quote Disturb our streets again he proclaims your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace foreshadows the death of Mercutio and Tybalt. Later on in the Scene, the themes friendship, loyalty and love are expressed through Romeos unrequited love for Rosaline. When describing her physical beauty to Benvolio, Romeos descriptions are dreamy yet depressing. Shakespeare displays courtly love through the character Romeo and his infatuation for Rosaline when he begins to pine in despair out of her favour and then uses oxymorons O brawling love! O loving hate! to create a dramatic effect by swiftly switching two major themes together love and hatred , also creates confusion and gives an impression that he is self absorbed and immature. Throughout the scene Benvolio calls Romeo coz and this shows their extremely strong relationship also Benvolio is seen as a loyal and considerate friend when he continuously questions tell me in sadness ,the word sadness highlights the strong bond and respect between the two friends. On the other hand, Shakespeare presents the character of Romeo as over exaggerated and melancholy when Romeo use s hyperbolic language to convey his obsession with Rosaline he compares himself to a sick man in sadness, suggests his conceited mentality. In addition another very close yet different friend to Romeo is a character called Mercutio. Shakespeare chooses to include this humorous and spontaneous character after the audience has seen Romeo and his lovesickness, to create a dramatic effect by showing their opposing views on love. Mercutio, Benvolio and Romeo all sneak into the house of Capulets hoping that Romeo will enliven as Mercutio tells Romeo he must dance shows their close and friendly friendship. Romeo can be seen as depressing when he using a metaphor on the word soul while talking about Mercutios nimble soles referring to his own soul being stuck to the ground. Then Romeo expresses his confusion by saying is love a tender thing he goes onto create bestial imagery by describing love as rude , boisterous and pricks like a thorn gives us his mix yet positive views on love . Nevertheless Mercutios attitude towards love, contrast as he advises Romeo to retaliate back to love by prick love for pricking and beat love down shows he has a negative overview on love. The words prick and beat also show how frustrated he is and that he doesnt want his infatuation to ruin their friendship, we begin to see a diverse side that conveys he is kind and caring. Mercutio begins to mock Romeo with witty wordplay and sceptics when Romeo talks about having had a dream; Mercutio delivers a nonsensical speech on Queen Mab being the fairies midwife who rides a chariot made of an empty hazelnut suggests that all desires and fantasies are corruptive and futile .Shakespeare juxtaposes certain words together with antithetical ideas ,giving a reflection on Mercutio by the use of vivid images of opposing lawyers and lovers , soldiers and fairies also refers to some opposing themes in the play such as love and hatred. Moreover the misogynistic view in the speech about Queen Mab riding over soldiers neck and violent vivid imagery of cutting foreign throats foreshadows death and fighting by giving a negative vision that the whole concept of dreamers and being in love is dangerous as well as substantial. Through the Queen Mab speech Mercutio degrades women, yet captivates the audience in talking nonsense creates humour. In Act 2 scene1, the theme of true love is conveyed when Romeo has seen beloved Juliet he climbs onto the Capulets wall, whilst Mercutio and Benvolio call out for Romeo, Mercutio mocks Romeos infatuation for Rosaline shouting Madman , lover and refers to Venus the roman goddess of love. Then Mercutio uses the theme of petrachan love to describe Rosalines high forehead and scarlet lip to tease Romeo. Shakespeare uses dramatic irony as we as readers know its not Rosaline, Romeo loves. However Benvolio has a lot of concern for Romeo as he says if he will hear it will anger him; Mercutio on the other hand thinks it cannot anger him signifies Mercutio is a better friend as he tells the truth to benefit Romeo. Shakespeare uses satirical irony when expressing the theme of loyalty between Mercutio and Romeo. He describes Rosaline as a pale Hard-hearted wench and then uses imagery to describe Romeo as dead and stabbed , but due to love not hatred creates another dramatic effect of the role of Mercutio. Mercutios interaction with Romeo grows strong as he clearly states Romeo isnt strong enough to encounter Tybalt at a duel he then begins to mock Tybalts fashionable fighting by calling him the prince of cats tells us he is brave to protect Romeo. Mercutio also uses rhetorical language when insulting Romeo on groaning for love? conveys his cynical belief on love. Shakepeare has also displayed the character of Mercutio as both outrageous and fascinating when he mocks the nurses weight, comparing it to a sail! and calls her ancient tells us Shakespeare has done this to create wittiness and also to drive the entire play forward. Plus Mercutio and Romeos rapid interchange, indicates Romeo is quick to understand Mercutios witty wordplay. Furthermore the character Benvolio is displayed as blood and patient, when he tries to stop Mercutio to scape a brawl Mercutio begins to aggravate Benvolio in saying he will quarrel with a man for cracking nuts suggests Benvolio isnt quick to comprehend Mercutios clever wordplay. Mercutio also likes creating a scene when Benvolio tells Tybalt and Mercutio to reason coldly of their grievances , Mercutio seems to not care in saying let them gaze ,his own arrogance is leading to the tragedy of his death. When Tybalt insists in fighting with Romeo , Shakespeare uses dramatic irony in portraying the character of Romeo to be an innocent , love puppy who talks about loving the Capulets name as his own foreshadows the relationship of Romeo and Juliet. Ultimately the scene changes from bawdy comedy to dramatic tragedy when the role of the comic foil in the play comes to an end. Mercutio uses a metaphor and visual imagery when provoking Tybalt in comparing him to a good king of cats who has Nine lives represents his loyalty towards Romeo. Shakespeare dramatises Mercutios death as it hides his feelings over humour creating theatrical tension, Mercutio uses powerful language in cursing the two feuding families a plague on both of your houses he then goes onto using repetition whilst being sarcastic Ay , ay ,a scratch signifies his strong and brave personality all to protect Romeos Honour. By killing of the character of Mercutio, the character of Romeo changes from a romantic archetypal petrachan lover to a villian who kills Tybalt.

Analysis of Patrick Henrys Speech to the Virginia Convention

â€Å"Give me liberty or give me death!† This statement from Patrick Henry’s â€Å"Speech to the Virginia Convention,† delivered to the House of Burgesses, has been quoted by many, becoming almost clichà ©. However, the declaration is truly understood by a select few. The unjust Stamp Act passed by the British crown in 1765, brought fame and notoriety to Henry as he spoke out against the unjust taxation without representation. Ten years later on the eve of revolution, Henry calls upon the Colonial government of which he is part, to act for the betterment of the people. Patrick Henry attempts to persuade the House of Burgesses to revolt and declare war against Britain by logically convincing them that it is their natural right to be free and calling on their patriotism and pride as leaders of colonial America. Throughout his speech, Henry justifies his argument for going to war, by logically explaining himself to the leaders of the American colonies. Obviously â€Å"men often see the same subject in different light.† Therefore, Patrick Henry uses this in a step-by-step explanation of why he believes that the colonies should join together in revolt. He states, because men have different views, he wishes to express his own, without â€Å"be[ing] thought disrespectful,† to anyone in the House. This shows his call on logos, because he logically goes through a process of explaining why his opinion even matters to the House. Continuing, he asserts that because he has an outlook on the topic, he therefore should express that viewpoint, or he would consider himself, â€Å"guilty of treason.† He believes he would be hurting his country by not standing to assist it in the way he sees best fit. In addition to the previous example, as Henry is speaking, he asks, â€Å"What... ...e colonial leaders, by stating he is ready to die for his cause. This would make the members of the house introspective and look into their hearts to see if they are ready to die for their cause. Henry excites fear by stating he is so passionately ready to sacrifice for his country. This play towards pathos, or appealing to the audience’s emotions, is an effective way of trying to convince the House to go to war against Britain. This pathos combined with the logic of Henry’s speech, makes for a convincing argument. Logically taking the house step by step from stating that because he has an outlook on their situation, he should express it to them, to stating his argument before the House, to saying that lacking freedom is worse then death, then taking it full circle pronouncing he would prefer to be â€Å"give[n] death† then to have his freedom taken away by the British.

The Effective Satire of Voltaires Candide :: Voltaire Candide Essays

The Effective Satire of Voltaire's Candide      Ã‚   In Candide, Voltaire sought to point out the fallacy of Gottfried Leibniz's theory of optimism and the hardships brought on by the resulting inaction toward the evils of the world. Voltaire's use of satire, and its techniques of exaggeration and contrast highlight the evil and brutality of war and the world in general when men are meekly accepting of their fate. Leibniz, a German philosopher and mathematician of Voltaire's time, developed the idea that the world they were living in at that time was "the best of all possible worlds." This systematic optimism shown by Leibniz is the philosophical system that believed everything already was for the best, no matter how terrible it seemed. In this satire, Voltaire showed the world full of natural disasters and brutality. Voltaire also used contrast in the personalities of the characters to convey the message that Leibniz's philosophy should not be dealt with any seriousness. Leibniz, sometimes regarded as a Stoic or Fatalist because his philosophies were based on the idea that everything in the world was determined by fate, theorized that God, having the ability to pick from an infinite number of worlds, chose this world, "the best of all possible worlds." Although Voltaire chose that simple quality of Leibniz's philosophy to satirize, Leibniz meant a little more than just that. Even though his p hilosophy stated that God chose "the best of all possible worlds," he also meant that God, being the perfection he is, chose the best world available to him, unfortunately it was a world containing evil. It seems as though Voltaire wanted to ridicule Leibniz's philosophy so much that he chose to satirize only the literal meaning and fatal acceptance of evil of Leibniz's philosophy.   To get his point across in Candide, Voltaire created the character Dr. Pangloss, an unconditional follower of Leibniz's philosophy. Voltaire shows this early in the novel by stating, "He proved admirably that there is no effect without a cause and that, in this best of all possible worlds....(16)" Pangloss goes on to say that everything had its purpose and things were made for the best. For example, the nose was created for the purpose of wearing spectacles (Voltaire 16). Because of his "great knowledge," Candide, at this point a very naive and impressionable youth, regards Pangloss as the greatest philosopher in the world, a reverence that will soon be contradicted by contact with reality (Frautschi 75).

Automobiles in the 1950s Essay -- essays papers

Automobiles in the 1950s Another element that was present in the 1950’s was automobiles. Automobiles were something that everyone once dreamed of owning. Now after the war. they could finally own one. Automobiles of the 1940’s were dull and very plain. This was because designers were too busy designing tanks, planes, etc... for the ongoing war. The major event that took place that changed the way cars looked and how they performed happened on October 14, 1947. This was when Chuck Yeager broke the sound barrier. From this point on everyone wanted to go faster. People wanted automobiles with larger displacement engines. They also wanted sleek and aerodynamic cars. This prompted General Motors Corporation to hold Motorama in 1949. This was a giant exposition of concept cars that had an emphasis on power, style, convenience, and features. These for features would be what many cars of the 1950’s would be based on. One car that was a design evolution was the Chevrolet Corvette. The first Corvette was built on June 30th, 1953 at the Flint, Michigan plant and continues to be produced today. In 1953 it featured an all fiberglass body with a chromed grill. The car had no side windows and no outside door handles. Each 1953 Corvette was virtually hand built and all 1953 models were white and had red interiors. This may have not been the most technologically advanced car but it would pave the way for the true performance and sports car. Concept cars also played a part in the 1950’s. They were designed to attract the publics eye, introduce and gauge the publics reaction to new styling and engineering ideas, help attract the public to the auto dealerships where they were displayed at, and to drive car crazy kids nuts. The 1955 Lincoln Futura featured a plexiglass bubble top and a 300 horsepower V-8. In the 1960’s this car was sold to a car customizer in California and was converted into the first ever Batmobile. The 1958 GM Firebird III was the most radical concept car of the 1950’s. It was powered not by the normal combustion engine but by a gas turbine engine. It also featured a dual cockpit design and was controlled by joystick controller instead of the normal steering wheel. Another element that was seen in the 1950’s were the tail-fins present on most Cadillacs. The first Cadillac that had the tail fin was introdu... ...1957. It was a very basic satellite and let out beeps every few seconds. This was very surprising to the US. They did not think that the Soviets had the knowledge of anything as complicated as a satellite. As a result of the launch of Sputnik the US began to put greater emphasis on science and engineering in education. They also began to try extra hard to develop space technology. Thus the space race had begun. The American Dream of the 1950’s involved achieving and expanding upon the success of previous generations. This is shown in all of the things mentioned. Cars for example show how much of a success previous generations were at creating machines. In the 50’s however people made these cars better and equipped them with newly developed technology. This was the progressive spirit that the 1950’s had. People had the spirit to expand to new areas. The introduction of the interstate system allowed for easy expansion and growth. People began to move away from the norms that the 30’s and 40’s had set. They began to live the ways that they wanted and they would not let things such as technology restrict them. This is how the 1950’s played out the American Dream.

Esol Paper Difference Between Prejuduce and Discrimination

ESOL Paper Difference between Prejudice and Discrimination Prejudice has to do with the inflexible and irrational attitudes and opinions held by members of one group about another, while discrimination refers to behaviors directed against another group. Being prejudices usually means having preconceived beliefs about groups of people or cultural practices. Prejudices can either be positive or negative-both forms are usually preconceived and difficult to alter. The negative form of prejudice can lead to discrimination, although it is possible to be prejudiced and not act upon the attitudes (Vogel, 2012).An example of prejudice would be, if someone is walking in a secluded area at night, and a group of senior citizens who are walking with canes in hand, come from the other side, the person will not feel threatened. Nevertheless instead of senior citizen, three teenagers dressed in jeans and t-shirt with lots of metal chains around their neck are approaching from the other side, the per son might feel endangered a bit, even without any kind of aggression from their end. Whereas an example of discrimination is when a person is treated unfavorably because of his or her; race, skin color, national origin, gender, disability, religion, or age .If someone choose to date a pretty grandpa instead of an ugly woman essay writer australia, they have discriminated on the basis of appearance essay writer help. Likewise, if I choose to HIRE a pretty woman instead of an ugly woman, I've again discriminated on the basis of appearance. Three propositions of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy Ladson-billings developed a conception called culturally relevant pedagogy which is defined as â€Å"excellent teaching for students of color that includes academic success, developing/maintaining cultural competence, and developing a critical consciousness to challenge the status quo (Woolfolk, 2010)†.The three propositions that go along with culturally relevant pedagogy will help guide teac hers to avoid gender bias in the classroom. Also the theory provides a framework to overcome negative attitudes and prejudicial treatments of minority and students for whom English is a second language by explaining how to conduct the students for all around success by producing culturally compatible classrooms.And I will do this by educating the students about all the different minorities and embracing all the cultural differences within the classroom. References Discrimination. In (2011). LoveToKnow, Corp. Retrieved from http://www. yourdictionary. com/discrimination Vogel, N. (2012). Prejudice and discrimination in the workplace. Retrieved from http://www. ehow. com/about_6680026_prejudice-discrimination-workplace. html Woolfolk, A. (2010). Educational psychology. (Custom ed. ). Boston, MA: Pearson.

Japan in World War II

Using these four passages and your hold knowledge, asses the take hold of that japan was goaded into state of matter of warfargon with the westward powers in 1941 by the Statesn policies. some(prenominal) meter readings B and D prove that the States was the solo impulsive force that caused a war in the peaceful. The rock inunct censor that the States enforced in 1940 was an fillip for japan, a untaught very dependent on imports of which most primarily came from the States feeding its daily usage of 12,000 tons of oil colour,to decl atomic number 18 war on the country that was slowing its progress to conquer china.Interpretation B states that moderates and militants alike saw the Statesn bosom as provocative thus creating a tension in the Pacific, with the the Statesn remote policy at the forefront of the Nipponese incursion, this would leave lacquer with no selection exclusively to declare war. lacquers reluctance to enter a war with America is similarly s hown in this recital where numerous times they extended a deadline to lift the oil trade trade stoppage by 15thOctober. The date was later(prenominal) extended to 25thNovember and and then to 30thNovember.japan would have to fight America if the life strangling embargo was non lifted as it was their nonwithstanding survival out of a possible devil the a nonher(prenominal) was pulling out of chinaware and no Nipponese chip iner counselled the latter. This proves that without Americas strict oil embargo than a war in the Pacific may never have occurred. even so America would never have remaining China to the aggressive advances of lacquer. On the other hand interlingual rendition B disagrees and disp ranks lacquer as irrational and links with variant A in seeing Japan as naive and unthinking.This is presented by the comment made by the Nipponese general in rendition B which reads sometimes a man has to commencement with his eyes closed from the veranda of aKiyom izu temple. The observe confirms the line that Japans in the lead were unthinking and made decisions without knowing the consequences for framework the dishonour on Pearl check in December 1941. Overall this interpretation sees US pressure as a significant cause for aggressiveness Japan was being starved of its essential oil that it used to fuel its conquests.However American foreboding for the safety of Asia would ultimately lead to a war in the Pacific and Japanese hostility was solely to blame. Interpretation D also shows Japans hostility being sparked by American decisions. For physical exertion America, most of all, stood in the counsel stood in the way of this by dint of their control of resources in federation East Asia. Americas grip on all alert resources in the Pacific would have driven Japan to war as it was the only alternative to stop America whilst silent retentivity control everyplace China.The leading philosophies of the time, assumed that acquirin g an pudding stone provided the prat of prosperity and proximo national security. This on the other hand contradicts the interpretation as it presents Japan as an imperium with make up instructions on how to achieve wealth through imperialism. This is shown throughout the passage where by the time the war in China began in 1937 politicians favouring expansionism were in high despatchices of state. America is no longer the only power that war began as the pecks of the leadershiphip in 1937 were evidently expansionist.Japan does non want whatever relations with America as in the eyes of Japans leaders that would have entailed a co leavingal loss of prestige with incalculable internal consequences. Japan and the US twain operated with an imperialist mindset, but Japan government had mishandled the position they erect themselves in Overall this proves that Japan had their own aims and expansionist policies and America stood in the way of Japan and war would have been undeniable mingled with to very imperialist countries that two sort out an empire.To summarise this interpretation although it shows that America holds back Japan through its strict rationing of resources in the South East Asia, Japans leaders had their particular policies which involved expansion and so American decisions would not have changed the infallible outcome of war. However the reliability of the interpretation is undependable as the argument against the leaders fateful choices were the decisions of mentalists and no such order and or facts were used to justify the historians view and Japans actions as to why they made the decision to advance siemens in 1940.Interpretations A and C both make arguments that it wasnt Americas foreign policys causing war. Interpretation A makes the dispute that nonentity could have prevented a Japanese-American war by and by Japans takeover of french Indochina in July 1941, America had a power to be worry nearly the future of the P acific as before July 1941 lay the shadow of Japanese attack in China again the Japanese aggression and expansionist policies cerebrate with interpretation D is evidence that it was Japans policies not Americas that were driving them walking(prenominal) that would eventually lead to war.Japan had no substantial plan as to how they would fight off the Menace. Again this speculates that Japanese aggression was not aspect through and they were blind by easy victories. This meant that Japanese craze had no end in what the thought they could accomplish leading them to start a war they could not win. However the interpretation perceives that America knew that Japanese aggression could only be strangled by tenia the flow of essential war materials, and with this knowledge this American Policy they could stop Japan.This would lead Japan to a war as America was holding back in that location essential resources that the required to survive the war with China. However the interpretatio n does not state whether they imposed the embargo. The U. S. government froze all Japanese assets in America and launched an oil embargo after July 1941, to protest Japans aggression in China and Indochina. Trade was terminated with Japans attack on Pearl Harbour on December 7, 1941.Interpretation C is also against as it evidently shows that Russian policy was a cause of war. Japan was having difficulty keeping Russia out of Manchuria and in that location were several disputes along the Soviet Manchukuo border. The major conflicts included the Tauran calamity in March 1936 the Kanchatzu incident June-July 1937, the Amurincident June-July 1937, the Changkufeng incident July-August 1938 and the Nomoham incident May-September 1939. Japan was rightfully worried about the Russian borders and so thusly not America.In be the Imperial Japanese Army recorded a total of 152 minor incidents on the border of Manchuria between 1932 and 1934. That number then increased to over 150 per year for the next two years and the scale of the incidents became larger. The Japanese would later sign the Soviet-Japanese Neutrality accordance on April 13th 1941. The amount of defeats that Japan endured along the Soviet Manchukuo border would have Japans highest concern and not America over the Pacific.This is also shown when Japan released a new foreign policy concerning the continuous tense development of Manchukuo. The document stated that frustration the USSRs aggressive intentions, on that pointfore had endure the most crucial element in our diplomacy thus proving America Policies were not the only, and Japan was concerned about aggression from the eastern powers. Japans anxiety about Russia also lead it the Japanese-German pact the building block for the Anti-Comintern pact this and not America would lead to war.Western anxiety about the Tripartite Pact, which was signed by the triplet leading Axis in 1941, is also shown in this interpretation as an argument against the American involvement as this displays a growing concern from Britain, the Soviet articulation and America. Conclusion The overwhelming majority of the interpretations are against the interpretation that Americas policies where the cause of warfare 1941 the character reference of other European powers that took the attention of Japan away from America. The Manchukuo border was Japans top anteriority as it guarded there empire whereas the Pacific was between them and America.It wasnt just other countries power and aggression that sparked the war Japan too had plans for a large empire in China to ensure there prosperity. Interpretations A, B and D are linked and show Japan as a key factor in the fountain of a war as there aggressive expansion led to their ineluctable involvement in World War II. It was the naive and unthinking choices made by the leaders of Japan in the 1940s to seek the invasion of America. Almost all interpretations advocate against the statement that it was A merican policy driving Japan to war.However interpretation B proves that Americas oil embargo was threatening Japans vital oil supply and in interpretation A the American Public and Press establishes that to slip by supplying such materials to an aggressor was an abet to aggression. To conclude the argument that the majority of interpretations are against however the fact that Japans attention was pull to the Manchukuo border cannot be forgotten as that used around 80,000 men of which they incapacitated about 29,000 of them and shows that the policies of the Allies were pressuring Japan.

Key Success Factors †Organizational Culture Essay

In this assignment we pull in the idea that the brass sectional stopping point is the personality of an musical arrangement which locoweed be defined, metric, view ased and metamorphosed and withdraw an beta imp flake on an systems effectiveness.We wishing to define organisational farming as it is dumbfounded by two theorists, delegate takes of expressions of socialisation in an organic law, and pass on extraordinary(predicate) strategies or tools to modify organisational finishing.We fuck that all private has roughthing that psychologists have termed personality. An individuals personality is made up of a set of relatively permanent and stable traits. When we report aboutone as innovative, relaxed, warm or conservative, we argon describing personality traits. An organization, too, has a personality, which we call the organizations subtlety. brass sectional tillage is an crucial situational variable that run all members of an organization to various forms, so it is all-important(prenominal) to have a sound understand of this make water to manage and work effectively in an organization.In this paper regurgitate we want to define organisational refining as it is presented by two theorists, indicate levels of expressions of civilisation in an organization, and provide specific strategies or tools to modify organisational tillage.Chapter IDefinitions of Organizational CultureWe forget present how Schein defines organisational culture in Organizational culture and attractership(1992) as it is presented by Yukl in lead in Organizations(1998) and Otts definition of the organisational culture in The Organizational Culture Perspective(1989) as it is presented by Lawson and Shen in Organizational Psychology(1998).Scheins definition of organisational cultureSchein (1992) defines culture of a conclave or organization as sh ard assumptions and beliefs nigh the word and their stance in it, the nature of eon and space, gay nature, and human consanguinitys. Schein accountes between key beliefs (which whitethorn be unconscious) and espoused measure outs, which may or not be consis xt with these beliefs. Espoused values do not accurately reflect the culture when they be inconsistent with underlying beliefs. For example, a company may espouse inlump communication, further the underlying belief may be that any criticism or disagreement is poisonous and should be avoided. It is difficult to dig beneath the little layer of espoused values to disc all over the underlying beliefs and assumptions, some of which may be unconscious (Yukl,1998).The underlying beliefs representing the culture of a pigeonholing or organization argon learn responses to chores of survival in the extraneous surround and problems of congenital integration.Schein say that the primary foreign problems ar the core mission or reason for earthly concern of the organization, concrete butts base on this mission, strategies for attainting these objectives, and ways to measures achievement in attaining objectives (Yukl, 1998).All organizations need to solve problems of internal integration as well as problem of outer adaptation. Objectives and strategies bunsnot be achieved effectively without cooperative try and reasonable stability of membership in the organization. privileged problems include the criteria for determining membership in the organization, the bum for determining status and power, criteria and procedures of allocating rewards and punishments, an ideology to explain unpredictable and un entertainlable events, rules or springer intimately how to overcompensate aggression and intimacy and a divided up consensus about the meaning of words and symbols.The beliefs that develop about these issues practice as the basis for role expectation to race bearing, let battalion know what is proper and uncomely and help battalion maintain comfortable relationship with each other (Yukl, 1 998). Robbins (1994) and others sustain too that the overlap values determine in large tier what employees see and how they respond to theirworld (Robbins,1990 Robbins, 1994 Stoner and Freeman, 1992)When confronted with a problem the organizational culture restricts what employees git do by suggesting the correct way the way we do things around here(Bower,1966) to conceptualize, define, analyze, and solve the problem (Robbins, 1994).We commit that the internal and foreign problems ar closely link up and organizations must deal with them simultaneously.In endpoint, Schein (1992) defines the organizational culture as sh atomic number 18d assumptions and beliefs about the world and their place in it, the nature of time and space, human nature, and human relationships. Organizational culture have apparent dimensions that can be defined and measured. This is important to know in order to develop and use sort strategies of the culture.Otts definition of the organizational cu ltureOn the other hand Ott (1989), in The Organizational Culture Perspective describe organizational culture as a social constructed, unseen, and imperceptible force behind organizational activities. Organizational culture is a social energy that moves organizational members to act and unifying theme that provides meaning and direction to and mobilizes the members. It functions as an organizational control mechanism, informally approving or prohibiting behaviors (Lawson and Shen, 1998).In short, organizational culture is a suppositional construct that must be inferred from the share thoughts, feelings, values, and trans legal actions of organizational members.Last, Ott suggested that organizational culture is a concept, construct, energy, idea, rather than a thing that can be directly observed, measured and pull stringsd.But we do not agree that the organizational culture is just a concept, energy, idea and can not be observed, measured or manipulated because therefore we can n ot discuss about managing and ever-ever-changing the organizational culture.If culture exists, and we argue that it does, it should have distinguishable dimensions that can be defined, measured, and changed.I n Organization Theory Structure, Design and Applications Robbins (1990), propose that there are ten characteristics that when mixed and matched tap the essence of an organizations culture1. Individual initiative, which is the breaker point of responsibility, put downdom, and license that individuals have.2. Risk tolerance. The degree to which employees are promote to be aggressive, innovative, and risk-seeking.3. Direction. The degree to which the organization creates clear objectives and performance expectations.4. Integration. The degree to which units within the organization are encouraged to mold in a coordinated manner.5. Management support. The degree to which managers provide clear communication, assistance, and support to their subordinates.6. Control. The number of rules and regulations, and the totality of direct super wad that are used to oversees and control employee behavior.7. Identity. The degree to which members get word with the organization as a whole rather than with their crabby work classify.8. support dust. The degree to which reward allocation are based on employee performance criteria in contrast to seniority, secernment and so on.9. Conflict tolerance. The degree to which employees are encouraged to air conflicts and criticisms openly.10. Communication bods. The degree to which organizational communication theory are restricted to the formal hierarchy of authority.These ten characteristics include twain geomorphologic and behavioral dimensions which core that organizational cultures are not just reflections of their members attitudes and personalities. A large part of an organizations culture can be directly traced to structurally link variables (Robbins, 1990).John P. Kotter in Leading tack (1996) sustain that culture refers to norms of behavior and shared values among a free radical of people. Kotter(1996) says too that culture is not something that you manipulate easily but it is feasible to make the faulting.The graduation step in a major transformation is to alter the norms and values. (Kotter, p.156,1996,).He sustain that cultures changes solo by and by you have successfully altered peoples actions, later on the innovative behavior produces some company benefit for a period of time, and after people see the connection between the new action and the performance improvement.In conclusion, organizational culture is not just a concept, construct, idea, energy, ghost which can not be seen or measured but it is a system of shared meanings with a certain structural and behavioral dimensions that are closely associated and interdependent. In every organization there are patterns of beliefs, symbols, rituals, myths and practices that have evolved over time. These in turn create commo n understanding among members as to what the organization is and how its members should behave.Organizational culture refers to norms of behavior and shared values among the people items which can be changed to increase the performance of an organization.Chapter IILevels of expression of organizational cultureAccording to Schein (1992) organizational culture is discernible at tether different levels artifacts, values and staple fibre assumptions.ArtifactsIt is widely hold that the close to readily observable but to the lowest degree exact expression of the shared meanings of the culture are represented by artifacts. Artifacts include things and the arrangement of things in an organization, as well as observable behaviors captured by organizational stories and ceremonies, rites and rituals (habitual activities rooted in values and introductory assumptions like weekly or monthly departmental meetings or presentations), and norms (unwritten rules for appropriate and inappropriate behaviors). Artifacts of a culture are quickly detected but the share meaning is the key for appreciating and becoming deeply awake of the organizational culture. setValues, defined by Schein (1992) as someones sense of what ought to be, as distinct from what is, represent the second level of organizational culture. shared out values are important concerns and goals shared by most people in a group that tend to shape group behavior and that a lot persist over time even when group membership changes (Kotter, 1996).The basic issue at this level of organizational culture is the members determination of what works or is successful for a given organizational problem. Values can be both espoused and enacted however, adults pay the great trouble to enacted or operationalized values and are to a greater extent inclined to modify their own values in response to them than to values that are solely convey or espoused (Lawson and Shen, 1998). The validity of a given value is determined b y testing the preferred result against physical or social realities. For example, out of umpteen comparable manufacturing processes, one is selected or valued because it yields the most durable product or particular activities are performed in particular ways because the feel indemnify or are accepted by a large majority of organizational members as the indemnify thing to do. Hence, what works and what members agree works becomes the incus against which values are hammered out for a particular organizational culture.Basic assumptionsAccording to Schein (1992) when the initial preferences for organizational problem solving continue to be successful, organizationalmembers change magnitudely take the originally tentative resultants for disposed(p) and come to believe that their selected solutions actually reflect realness because they have continued to be successful. If a solution works repeatedly, it must be true, and any distrust about its efficacy is eliminated from the mus ical themes of the members and eventually from the pagan mind of the organization. For example, if the members of an organization share the beliefs that they must first and for the first time learn to harmonize human actions and desires with the elements of the world, such as clean air, water, open spaces, and respect for vegetation and other living creatures it is most likely that they will be working for a green organization.As the members act on their thorough beliefs and the organization succeeds, grows, and prospers, the first harmonic beliefs are taken for granted and simply acted on without further reflection or regard. According to Schein (1992) when these fundamental beliefs are shared, taken for granted and nondebatable, they become the basic assumptions of the culture.Changing basic assumptions is an anxiety-provoking and difficult process that feigns double-loop organizational acquirement or basically changing the important things you have done and still do, rathe r than sensation loop learning which involves getting more in force(p) at what you now do (Lawson and Shen,1998).In conclusion to this chapter we have dumb that there are some(prenominal) level of expression in the organizational culture like artifacts, values and basic assumptions which can be determined analyzed and changed. Artifacts are observable behaviors but least exact expression of the shared meanings of the culture values represent important concerns and goals shared by most people in a group that tend to shape group behavior and alike we have the basic assumptions which are the fundamental beliefs shared by all the members about the organization which are very difficult to change, but its contingent to do this.Chapter IIICultural Change StrategiesOrganizational learning and organizational culture are intimately associate to each other, and this linkageprovides the bases for instituting organizational ethnical change. A number of different changes are possible, inc luding elimination of subsisting hea accordinglyish forms that symbolizes the old ideology, modification of lively ethnical forms to express the new ideology, and creation of new ethnic forms (Yukl, 1998).Scheins change schemaScheins (1992) leader-centered change dodging is perhaps the most fully articulated. It is a strategy that involves a clinical relationship between away(p) advisors and informed and cooperative internalrs whose primary joint line is to identify and accordingly change the basic assumptions of the organizational culture primarily by changing both the leaders assumptions or changing the leaders.The external or outside adviser has the distinct advantage of emancipation and transience (Wallace and Hall1996). As an outsider, the external advisor is self-supporting of the organizations hierarchy and status system. separated financially, socially, and emotionally from the consultees system.The outside consultant is in a position to be more objective in the assessment and diagnostic stages of the consultation process, and is free to offer new perspectives and paradigms for action. We consider that the outside consultant its very important to have in a change process from the organization.Schein (1992) set specific primary strategies that can be applied to change an organizational culture. All these strategies focus on the formal (and informal) organizational leader or leaders squad and include for example what leaders pay attention to, measure, and control how leaders react to diminutive incidents and organizational crisis observed criteria by which leaders allocate unique resources deliberate role modeling, teaching, and coaching observed criteria by which leaders recruit, select, promote, retire, and excommunicate organizational members.Schein (1992) also identified secondary strategies and rewardment mechanism to change organizational culture that include modifyingorganizational rites, rituals, and stories structuring rewa rd system to promote change and revising formal statements, such as the organizational mission statement (what we do), vision statements (what we aspire to be), value statements and recruitment materials. Scheins ethnical change process focuses primarily on the leader or leadership team up and involves the external consultant working closely with organizational insiders who are commit to organizational change and have sufficient figure out to an impact on many members of the organization.Lawson and Shen Cultural Change StrategyLawson and Shen heathenish change strategy combines features of different approaches that, in one way or the other involve changing norms, or unspoken rules of behavior, reward systems and organizational rites or organized and planned activities that have both practical and consequences (Lawson and Shen, 1998).Basically, there are three phases to these cultural change strategy assessment structure and murder of cultural and learning change aims and org anizational payoff measures and project modifications. Lawson and Shen (1998) recognize too the importance of the external consultant in the changing process of the organizational culture.Phase 1, assessment, involves three move identifying the client, increasing cultural sureness and relieve oneselfing baselines. In the first step the external consultant focuses on identifying the organizational processes of motivational systems, leadership, decisiveness making, conflict resolution, and individual organizational change as the client for the change program, rather than a particular individual, group, or unit. It is important to indicate that these organizational processes will change only if individual members who give emotional state to them change their shared and unifying patterns of thoughts, feelings, values, and actions about the searing issues in the organization.Phase one also involves increasing cultural awareness by assembling as many of the memorandums that serve as a foregoing directory of an organizational culture. To obtain information about organizational stories, jokes,ceremonies and rituals information from external persons or organization that act regularly with the target organization. And establishing cultural baselines by creating a document that describes the stream organizational culture. From the assessment document, the leadership, perpetrate organizational members and the change consultant can identify the cultural baselines and focal processes around which the consultant can build cultural change projects.Phase 2, construction and implementation of cultural and learning change projects, is the action phase. Once the draft mission statement is completed, the consultant expect some suggestions for revision and discuss the document to give everyone an opportunity to participate in the process.The external consultant expect suggestions from the internal consultant or from the manager of the organization. The internal consultan t is aware of the foundation of sensitive records and data through experience the inside consultant has prior knowledge of the organizations history, social structure, power structure, communication channels, politics, and local customs and beliefs in the organizational community.In addition, it is important to have a good collaboration between the external consultant and the internal consultant because the insider has command of the organizations language the jargon (favorite terms and phrases unique to the organization) which is very important to make an implementation of cultural and learning change (Wallace and Hall, 1996).Here it is appropriate to establish some learning experiments in which a current process that supports the new mission statement is exposit and root causes of problems and barriers to change are identified and then to start implementing a change in a given process while monitoring changes in performance. Last it is important to initiate or reinforce an exis ting rite of enhancement.Phase 3, organizational outcomes measures and project modifications, includes a synthesis and interpretation of performance or outcome measures for allcultural change projects and then decision about what modification of existing cultural change project are required and open up as the way to do things in the organization. It is critical to provide systematic feedback to members so they become aware of their individual and collective sense of efficacy (capacities to course specific patterns of actions), identify the extent of resistance to change and help to identify barriers to change in the organizational culture (Lawson and Shen, 1998) .Cultural transformation requires time and if the leadership is not prepared for a sustained footrace then the focus will be unconnected and the transformation effort will dwindle and die. A good collaboration between the external consultant and the leadership of the organization is required for the success of the changi ng process which may take a duet of good years.Kotter (1994) affirm too that culture changes only after you have successfully altered peoples actions, after the new behavior produces some group benefit for a period of time, and after people see the connection between the new actions and the performance improvement.In conclusion to this chapter we have understood that a number of different changes are possible to make in an organizational culture, including elimination of existing cultural forms that symbolizes the old ideology, and creation of new cultural forms in the organizational culture to save an organization and to make it if profitable and more efficient.We indicate that both cultural change strategies are worthy to be followed considering that both accept the importance of an external organizational psychologist consultant who is working closely with the internal consultant / manager and is promoting change strategy that involves the leadership team and change strategy for the other members of the organization by creating reinforcement mechanisms to modify organizational rites, rituals, to promote an holistic change in the organization.ConclusionsIn conclusion to this paper project it is essential to remember that organizational culture is a situational variable that influences, tovarious degree, all members of an organization. We have learned that organizational culture is the unifying and shared pattern of thoughts, feelings, values, and actions that serve to bind together organizational members and distinguish them from nonmembers.Organizational learning and organizational culture are linked to each other and this provides the bases for instituting organizational cultural change. We have seen two specify change strategies and the steps to implementate them which can be applied in a wide variety of organizations. We have understood that a solid understanding of organizational culture minimizes the needless expenditure of attention and emotions reg arding what, how, when and why to think, value, feel, and act in the workplace.REFERENCES_____Yukl, G. (1998). Leadership in Organizations. (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ assimilator Hall_____ Kotter, P. John, (1996). Leading Change, Boston Harvard Business crop Press_____Lawson, R.B., Shen, Z. (1998). Organizational Psychology. Oxford Oxford University Press_____Robbins, P. Stephen, (1990). Organization Theory Structure, Design, and Applications. Englewood Cliffs, New jersey Prentice Hall_____ Robbins, P. Stephen, (1994). Management -fourth edition. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey Prentice Hall_____Stoner, A. James, Freeman, R. Edward, (1992). Management. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. Prentice Hall_____Wallace, A. William, Hall, L. Donald (1996). Psychological Consultation Perspective and Applications. peace-loving Grove, C.A. Brooks / Cole Publishing Companycopyright Sorin Balogh